What are the three general categories of spinal fixation hypotheses?

The three general categories of spinal fixation hypotheses are best represented by periarticular, intraarticular, and disc (IVD) mechanisms. This categorization helps explain the various elements involved in spinal fixation and dysfunction.

Periarticular mechanisms pertain to the structures surrounding a joint, such as ligaments, muscles, and fascia. These components can influence joint movement and stability and can contribute to fixation if they become tight or lose their normal function. Intraarticular mechanisms focus on the structures within the joint itself, including the articular surfaces, synovial membranes, and other intra-articular tissues that can affect the joint's mobility and stability. Lastly, disc (IVD) mechanisms emphasize the role of intervertebral discs in spinal function, encompassing their capacity to absorb shock and facilitate movement between vertebrae. Dysfunction or changes in these discs can lead to fixation and pain.

Understanding these mechanisms provides insight into how various structures contribute to spinal health and can inform treatment approaches in chiropractic practice.